沈阳市市域景观功能区划及发展策略

依据自然要素（地貌和土地适宜性）和人为要素（人类活动强度）,对沈阳市域进行了景观功能区划．结果表明：沈阳市可分为经济文化支持区、生态协调区（南部低平原协调亚区和北部高平原协调亚区）、生态支持区（东部生态支持亚区、西部保护型生态支持亚区）和生态屏障区．经济文化支持区需强化其文化经济的辐射功能,同时维持和保护现有的自然及人工绿地生态系统;生态支持区需大力发展对自然破坏程度小、无污染的产业,以发挥其生态服务功能;生态协调区是自然和人工生态系统的复合体,对其他生态功能区起到平衡、稳定的作用,应控制该区建设用地,保持现有的自然和近自然系统,加强生态廊道建设,强化自然系统间的功能联系;生态屏障区需重视自身生态环境的脆弱性,做到保护和发展并重．     

宁夏哺乳动物区系与地理区划研究

宁夏现有哺乳动物75种,隶属于6目19科52属 。本文分析了宁夏哺乳动物区系特征,将宁夏划分为3个动物地理省、6十动物地理州,并对各省及各州动物区系之间的相似性等问题进行了探讨。     

The Ecogeographical Distribution of Hippophae rhamnoides Subsp. sinensis and Its Phytogeographical Significance

Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis Rousi is confined to China. The subspecies, a primitive member of the genus, is one of important plant resources for food and medicinal industry and also a genetic resource for breeding. The subspecies ranges from Southwest to Northeast China, i .e .from the northeast part of Tibet to the sourthwest corner of the Da Hinggan Mountains ,through Loess Plateau. Made in this paper was an analysis of the limits of tolerance, the limiting factors and the fittest value, and of ecological factors regulating the distribution area of the subspecies such as heat, sunshine and rainfall. The analysis is based on comparison of the similarities between the distribution range and the isolines of the various ecological factors, combined with the field work of the subspecies. The result indicates that not only does the bush of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis Rousi occupy a stable geographical range, but also it shows a zonal distribution pattern, controlled by rainfall and heat. Its geographical range is roughly located in the transitional zone of three vegetation regions in China, i.e. the east moist forest region, the northwest desert and steppe region and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau alpine vegetation region. Therefore, the bush can be used for delimitating the three vegetation regions. This fact implies that the concept should be revised that the distribution of bushes is not of obvious horizontal-zonal pattern. Also discussed in the present paper are ecological conditions for the artificial Seabuckthron’s garden, the relationship between thegeographical range and the planting system in agriculture as well as the afforestation.     

The spectre of biogeographical regionalization

A biogeographical regionalization is a hierarchical system that categorizes geographical areas in terms of their biotas. I provide a general protocol to undertake biogeographical regionalizations, that consists of seven steps: (1) defining the study area; (2) assembling distributional data; (3) identifying natural areas; (4) discovering area relationships; (5) defining boundaries/transition zones; (6) regionalization and (7) area nomenclature. Natural biogeographical units are useful for people undertaking different types of analyses, like macroecologists, evolutionary biologists, systematists and conservationists. Biogeographical regionalizations may help biogeographers communicate more effectively between themselves and discover opportunities to work on common problems, contributing to the development of a truly integrative biogeography.     

基于公平性评价的西安市城市绿地生态系统服务空间格局

城市绿地能够为居民提供诸多类型的生态系统服务,而其格局的不均衡导致人类在享受其所带来效益的过程中产生差异化。根据西安市生态环境问题的具体现状,并综合研究区的基础地理条件,实现了西安市主城区绿地系统生物多样性、净化空气、固碳、气候调节四种生态系统服务的测算与空间化制图,并从公平性角度对整个研究区绿地的生态系统服务进行了评价分析,进一步采用具有动态约束的聚类和分区的方法得到生态系统服务的分区群,提出了区域化管理的构想。研究表明：①研究区绿地生物多样性整体偏低;绿地对PM_2.5的吸附作用呈现由北向南递减的趋势;固碳量整体上南部高于北部,东部高于西部;绿地区域的地表平均温度低于整体均值;②研究区城市绿地资源分布配置不均,不同区域的生态系统服务分布不合理;③在综合生态系统服务区域化的基础上引入生态系统服务簇,913个网格、12个分区、5个聚群为不同级别的生态系统服务管理提供参考。从而转变思路从生态系统服务水平指标对整体绿地格局进行规划指导,最大化实现绿地的生态功能,提升人民福祉。     

Latitudinal patterns and regionalization of plant diversity along a 4270‐km gradient in continental Chile

According to the global latitudinal diversity gradient, a decrease in animal and plant species richness exists from the tropics towards higher latitudes. The aim of this study was to describe the latitudinal distribution patterns of Chilean continental flora and delineate biogeographic regions along a 4270‐km north–south gradient. We reviewed plant lists for each of the 39 parallels of continental Chile to build a database of the geographical distribution of vascular plant species comprising 184 families, 957 genera and 3787 species, which corresponded to 100%, 94.9% and 74.2% of the richness previously defined for Chile, respectively. Using this latitudinal presence–absence species matrix, we identified areas with high plant richness and endemism and performed a Cluster analysis using Jaccard index to delineate biogeographic regions. This study found that richness at family, genus and species levels follow a unimodal 4270‐km latitudinal distribution curve, with a concentration of richness in central Chile (31–42°S). The 37th parallel south (central Chile) presented the highest richness for all taxonomic levels and in specific zones the endemism (22–37°S) was especially high. This unimodal pattern contrasts the global latitudinal diversity gradient shown by other studies in the Northern hemisphere. Seven floristic regions were identified in this latitudinal gradient: tropical (18–22°S), north Mediterranean (23–28°S), central Mediterranean (29–32°S), south Mediterranean (33–37°S), north temperate (38–42°S), south temperate (43–52°S) and Austral (53–56°S). This regionalization coincides with previous bioclimatic classifications and illustrates the high heterogeneity of the biodiversity in Chile and the need for a reconsideration of governmental conservation strategies to protect this diversity throughout Chile.     

云南省生态功能类型区的生态敏感性

结合云南省生态功能区划,展开对全省各生态功能区的生态敏感性分析,结果表明,滇东地区水土流失较严重,石漠化敏感性强度达中度以上的区域面积超过50%;受降水量大,紫色土集中分布及地处石灰岩地带等自然地理因素的影响,云南省西南大部与东南部分地区土壤侵蚀敏感性较高;云南省的生境敏感区大多地处生态交错区,物种丰富度高,但生境脆弱,一旦破坏很难恢复。改善土地利用方式,提高农业生产技术,发展生态农业,控制农业污染,开展生态恢复等,是提高地区森林覆盖率,减少水土流失和泥石流的发生,防止石漠化加剧的主要手段。     

江淮地区小麦涝渍灾害风险评估与区划

基于灾害风险分析理论,根据历年气候资料,小麦生长发育、种植面积和产量资料,对江淮地区各县小麦涝渍脆弱性、自然气候风险、灾损风险和抗灾能力等方面进行分析评估,建立了包括涝渍脆弱度、气候风险指数、灾损风险指数、涝渍综合风险评估系数等不同的涝渍风险表征模型,并构建了涝渍综合风险评估系数作为区划指标,对江淮地区小麦涝渍灾害风险进行了空间区域划分。结果表明:涝渍脆弱度、气候风险指数、灾损风险指数和抗灾力系数4个因子的组合,可以较好地反映江淮地区小麦涝渍风险特征;按照高、较高、中和低4个等级对小麦涝渍综合风险进行了区划;安徽省江淮南部为高风险区;沿淮中部以及江淮中部南部、沿洪泽湖区域为涝渍较高风险区;河南省33°N以南区域、以及安徽、江苏省淮北中部区域为涝渍中风险区;33°N以北地区为涝渍低风险区。     

白洋淀湿地生态功能评价及分区

白洋淀湿地在雄安新区建设过程中具有重要生态安全保障作用。开展白洋淀湿地生态功能评价及分区研究,为生态环境治理和保护提供科学依据,是当前普遍关切和急需解决的问题之一。面向白洋淀湿地生态保护和管理的需求,在明确白洋淀自然环境特征和主要生态环境问题的基础上,结合外业调查、遥感、综合评价等方法,从水产品供给功能、水生植物供给功能、气候调节功能、生物多样性维护功能、水质改善功能5个方面评价了白洋淀湿地生态系统服务功能重要性,从水污染敏感性、湿地变化敏感性、重要自然与文化价值敏感性3个方面评价了白洋淀湿地生态系统敏感性。基于评价结果,将白洋淀湿地初步划分为7个一级生态功能区和19个二级生态功能区。在分区方法方面体现了白洋淀湿地人地关系动态特征,分区结果注重现状与历史相结合,有助于服务未来淀区生态保护规划决策实施。建议在实施白洋淀生态环境治理和保护过程中,依据白洋淀湿地生态功能分区特征,实行分区管制,制定对应的生态环境治理和保护措施。